The effectiveness of the Fort helped to pave the way for Anglo settlements in Phoenix, Tempe, and Mesa.ġ877, the first pioneers settled the Mesa Area. It was not until the establishment of Fort McDowell by the United States Army on 1865 that permanent settlement was created in the area. Intermittent conflicts between the Pima and Maricopa along the Gila River and the Yavapai and the Apaches in the Salt River Valley, ensured that the region would not be settled during that time. They disappeared from the area by around 1450 and there has been no explanation as to where they went.īetween the time of the decline of the Hohokam culture in the 15th century and the mid 1800’s, no long-term settlement existed in the Mesa area. ![]() Eventually, the Hohokam began to move from the area as they experienced a period of overpopulation, nutritional stress, and warfare. The Hohokam traded cotton cloth for seashells from the Gulf of California and for exotic birds from the Yucatan. The Hohokam irrigation system transformed the soils of the Salt River Valley, allowing them to grow abundant crops for their use and for trade. The hand dug system, irrigated over 110,000 acres and was the largest in the prehistoric world. The prehistoric Hohokam canals were incredible works of labor and engineering. They are best remembered for their construction of a large network of irrigation canals. They were farmers and canal builders who lived in large communities of up to 500 people. ![]() The first prehistoric people to live in Mesa were the Hohokams who flourished in the valley for over 1,500 years. From its prehistoric roots to today’s dynamic business and residential community, Mesa has seen it all. The City of Mesa has a complex and rich history.
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